LEGAL OBLIGATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES: NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE POSH ACT
INTRODUCTION
The significance of establishing secure and inclusive work environments in contemporary society is of utmost importance, given its dynamic nature.[1] The growing emphasis on ethical conduct and the promotion of employee welfare has brought attention to the urgent need for organisations to address and prevent instances of sexual harassment within the workplace. In light of this command, the Indian government implemented the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act in 2013.[2]
The enactment of the POSH Act signifies a noteworthy achievement in the protection and preservation of the rights and inherent worth of employees throughout India. The primary objective of this legislation is to foster a workplace environment characterised by accountability, respect, and gender equality through the establishment of unambiguous expectations and procedures for addressing sexual harassment complaints. This measure not only facilitates the empowerment of victims to report incidents and pursue legal remedies, but also imposes a responsibility on employers to actively foster a work environment that is secure and free from harassment.
This article aims to examine the legal responsibilities outlined in the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act and analyse the potential repercussions that may arise from failure to adhere to these obligations. By comprehending these responsibilities and repercussions, employers can make well-informed choices, give priority to the well-being of their employees, and strive to establish work environments that are inclusive and characterised by mutual respect.
LEGAL OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE POSH ACT
The Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act mandates employers to fulfil specific legal responsibilities in order to effectively prevent and address incidents of sexual harassment within the workplace. The comprehension and execution of these responsibilities are of utmost importance for organisations in order to establish a secure and all-encompassing atmosphere for their workforce. This analysis aims to examine the primary legal responsibilities mandated by the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act.
1. Establishment of an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC): It is mandated for employers with a workforce of 10 or more individuals. The International Criminal Court (ICC) assumes a crucial role in the resolution of sexual harassment complaints and the facilitation of a just and impartial investigative procedure. The composition of the team should include a minimum of one external member who possesses expertise in the subject matter, alongside internal members from various departments or hierarchical levels within the organisation. It is imperative that the International Criminal Court (ICC) incorporates gender diversity by appointing a female presiding officer and ensuring a majority of female members.[3]
2. Development of a Sexual Harassment Policy: The development and implementation of a comprehensive sexual harassment policy is a mandatory requirement for employers. The formulation of this policy ought to encompass a precise delineation of sexual harassment, inclusion of illustrative instances of behaviour deemed unacceptable, and a comprehensive explication of the protocol for initiating complaints. Furthermore, it is imperative to underscore the significance of maintaining the confidentiality of both the complainant and the witnesses involved. The policy should be effectively disseminated to all employees through diverse channels, including training sessions, employee handbooks, and notice boards.
3. Sensitization and Training Programs: Employers bear the responsibility of organising periodic sensitization and training programmes aimed at preventing sexual harassment. These programmes ought to cultivate a sense of awareness among employees regarding the definition of sexual harassment, its consequences on both victims and the organisation, and the proper procedures for reporting such incidents. It is imperative that training initiatives encompass all hierarchical levels within the organisation, encompassing managers and supervisors who may bear the responsibility of handling complaints.[4]
4. Prompt Action on Complaints: The POSH Act underscores the significance of promptly and efficiently addressing sexual harassment complaints. It is imperative for employers to ensure that upon the filing of a complaint, the International Criminal Court (ICC) conducts a thorough and unbiased investigation in a timely manner. According to the Act, it is mandated that the inquiry must be concluded within a period of 90 days, with the possibility of an extension granted in cases where it is deemed necessary.
5. Record-Keeping: It is incumbent upon employers to uphold the responsibility of preserving documentation pertaining to complaints received, inquiries conducted, and actions taken in accordance with the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act. It is recommended that these records be retained for a minimum duration of three years. Maintaining precise documentation aids in showcasing an organization's adherence to the Act and establishes a substantiated trail of evidence in the event of legal proceedings.
6. Organisations exhibit their dedication to fostering a workplace environment that is secure and characterised by mutual respect through their adherence to these legally mandated responsibilities. Adhering to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act not only safeguards the rights and welfare of employees, but also serves to minimise the potential for legal ramifications and harm to one's reputation.
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE POSH ACT
Non-adherence to the legal responsibilities stipulated in the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act can result in substantial repercussions for both individuals and entities. This discourse aims to delve into the possible consequences that may arise from non-compliance.
1. Legal Penalties: Non-compliance with the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act may lead to significant legal consequences. The legislation confers authority upon the relevant entities to levy fines ranging from INR 50,000 to INR 2,00,000 (equivalent to approximately $670 to $2,700) contingent upon the severity of the transgression. Engaging in repeated offences or neglecting to implement preventative measures may result in the imposition of more severe penalties. In certain instances, failure to comply may result in a maximum prison sentence of three years. The aforementioned penalties function as a means of discouragement and underscore the significance of complying with the legal responsibilities outlined in the Act.[5]
2. Civil Liabilities: Civil liabilities can be incurred by organisations that fail to comply with legal requirements. Individuals who have experienced sexual harassment have the option to initiate legal proceedings by filing civil lawsuits in order to seek reparation for the harm they have endured. The judiciary has the authority to mandate that the organisation provide substantial financial compensation to the individuals who have been adversely impacted. Compensation claims can exert a significant financial influence on the organisation, encompassing various expenses such as medical costs, wage losses, psychological suffering, and punitive damages. Non-adherence to regulations can also result in harm to one's reputation, thereby intensifying the financial repercussions.
3. Reputational Damage: Non-compliance with the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act has the potential to cause significant harm to an organization's reputation. The organization's brand image can be negatively impacted and the trust of customers, employees, and stakeholders can be eroded due to adverse media coverage, public scrutiny, and backlash on social media. The organization's dedication to ethics, employee well-being, and gender equality may face substantial erosion in the eyes of the public. The consequences of reputational damage can be enduring, exerting influence on recruitment endeavours, business alliances, and the overall achievement of an organisation.
4. Business Disruption: The failure to comply with the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act has the potential to cause disruptions in the operational processes of an organisation. Legal proceedings, investigations, and associated administrative obligations have the potential to redirect significant resources, time, and focus from primary business operations. The act of diverting one's focus can have negative consequences on productivity, leading to delays in decision-making and ultimately impacting the growth and competitiveness of the organisation. The occurrence of business disruption can lead to consequential impacts on various aspects within an organisation, including employee morale, customer satisfaction, and overall organisational performance.[6]
5. Regulatory Scrutiny: Non-compliance with the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act may result in regulatory scrutiny and intervention. Inquiries and investigations into an organization's practises may be initiated by relevant authorities, such as the Local Complaints Committee or the National Commission for Women. This has the potential to exacerbate reputational harm and potentially result in further legal ramifications and penalties.
6. In summary, failure to adhere to the legal responsibilities outlined in the POSH Act can result in significant repercussions for entities. Exposure to legal penalties, civil liabilities, reputational damage, business disruption, loss of talent, and regulatory scrutiny is incurred as a result. Complying with the regulations outlined in the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act is not solely a legal obligation, but also a pivotal measure in cultivating a secure, inclusive, and considerate professional setting that prioritises the entitlements and integrity of all personnel.
IMPORTANCE OF COMPLIANCE
Ensuring adherence to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act is of paramount importance for organisations in order to fulfil their legal and ethical obligations and foster a work environment that is secure and promotes inclusivity. Organisations prioritise the well-being and safety of their employees by conforming to the provisions outlined in the Act. Compliance with policies and regulations pertaining to sexual harassment signifies a dedication to upholding a work environment that is devoid of such misconduct. This commitment has been found to contribute to elevated levels of job satisfaction, enhanced mental well-being, and heightened productivity among the workforce.
In addition, adherence to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act assists organisations in reducing legal liabilities and potential sanctions. Failure to comply with regulations can lead to financial penalties, legal liabilities, and harm to one's reputation as a consequence of legal proceedings and claims for compensation. By adhering to the guidelines outlined in the Act, organisations can mitigate the probability of encountering legal and financial repercussions. Organisational adherence to the Act guarantees the implementation of comprehensive policies, internal complaint committees, and training programmes aimed at effectively preventing and addressing incidents of sexual harassment.
In conjunction with legal and financial factors, adherence to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act significantly contributes to bolstering an organization's standing. When organisations place compliance as a top priority, they effectively communicate a strong message to their employees, customers, stakeholders, and the general public. Organisations can cultivate trust, credibility, and goodwill by exemplifying a steadfast dedication to establishing a work environment that fosters respect and inclusivity. Consequently, this phenomenon elicits the attraction and retention of highly skilled individuals, enhances employee involvement, and exerts a favourable influence on the organization's brand reputation.[7]
CONCLUSION
In summary, adherence to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act is not solely a legal requirement, but also a crucial measure in establishing a secure, inclusive, and considerate workplace atmosphere. By adhering to the provisions of the Act, organisations demonstrate a commitment to prioritising the well-being and safety of their employees, thereby fostering a positive and supportive workplace culture. Adhering to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act aids organisations in mitigating legal risks and penalties, thereby decreasing the probability of incurring fines, civil liabilities, and reputational harm.
Moreover, adherence to the Act bolsters an organization's standing by effectively communicating a steadfast dedication to establishing a workplace that fosters respect and inclusivity. The establishment of trust and credibility within an organisation fosters positive relationships with employees, customers, stakeholders, and the general public, thereby enhancing the organization's ability to attract highly skilled individuals and promoting increased levels of employee involvement and commitment. Compliance further reinforces societal norms by advocating for gender equality and confronting power disparities within the professional setting.
AUTHOR’S CONTENTION
The author argues that adherence to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act is of utmost importance for organisations due to its role in establishing a work environment that is both secure and inclusive. Furthermore, compliance with this act serves to minimise legal liabilities and associated penalties, bolster the reputation of the organisation, and showcase a dedication to principles of fairness, equality, and respect. By conforming to the provisions of the Act, organisations demonstrate a commitment to prioritising the well-being of their employees, cultivating a positive workplace culture, and making a valuable contribution to the promotion of social equity.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
1. What is the extent of the coverage provided by the POSH Act?
The POSH Act encompasses all types of workplaces in India, encompassing offices, factories, educational institutions, and various other establishments.
2. Are there any circumstances in which the POSH Act does not apply?
The POSH Act does not contain any provisions that grant exceptions based on the size or nature of the organisation. This regulation is applicable to all organisations that employ a minimum of ten individuals, irrespective of their employment status, including permanent, temporary, or contractual workers.
3. What is the role of the Internal Complaints Committee (ICC)?
The ICC assumes the responsibility of addressing and investigating allegations pertaining to incidents of sexual harassment within the professional setting. The organisation conducts investigations in a fair and unbiased manner, enforces suitable measures against the alleged wrongdoer, and offers assistance to the individual filing the complaint.
4. Is it possible to submit a complaint anonymously under the POSH Act?
Although the POSH Act promotes the disclosure of the complainant's identity as a means to facilitate effective resolution, it does not explicitly forbid the submission of anonymous complaints.
5. What measures should an organisation undertake to ensure adherence to the POSH Act?
In order to ensure adherence to the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act, it is imperative for organisations to establish an Internal Complaints Committee, formulate a comprehensive sexual harassment policy, regularly conduct sensitization and training programmes, maintain accurate records, and expeditiously address complaints in a just and unbiased manner.
REFERENCES [1] The Prevention of Sexual Harassment Act, 2013. [2] Pratibha, How Does Posh Act Affect the Organization, Legal Service India, https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-8804-how-does-posh-act-affect-the-organization-.html. [3] Dharani, Posh Compliance – Creating Workplaces Safer for Women, Vakil Search, https://vakilsearch.com/blog/posh-compliance-creating-workplaces-safer-for-women-2/. [4] Ankita Mani, PoSH Act Non-Compliance and its Impact on Workplace Culture in India, Kelp HR, https://www.kelphr.com/blogs/posh-act-non-compliance/. [5] Arjun Sanal, 4 Serious Consequences of Non-Compliance with the PoSH Act 2013, XL Pro, https://playxlpro.com/4-serious-consequences-of-non-compliance-with-the-posh-act-2013/. [6] Shweta Gupta, POSH Act: Consequences of Sexual harassment Cases on Image of Organisation, Tax Guru, https://taxguru.in/corporate-law/posh-act-consequences-sexual-harassment-cases-image-organisations.html. [7] Ibid.
AUTHOR – Naaz Shaikh